青海东部黄土区林地土壤系统分类及参比

Soil Taxonomy and Reference Study of Woodland in Loess Area of the Eastern Region of Qinghai Province

摘要:

为探讨林地土壤形成特征和在中国系统分类中的归属，以青海东部互助县黄土区9个典型林地土壤为研究对象，基于《中国土壤系统分类检索》(第三版)，鉴定其诊断层和诊断特性，并将分类结果与中国土壤发生分类、美国土壤系统分类和世界土壤资源参比基础进行参比。结果表明：研究区林地土壤可归属为石质干润正常新成土、普通简育干润均腐土、斑纹简育湿润均腐土、普通钙积干润均腐土、钙积简育干润雏形土、普通暗沃干润雏形土和普通简育干润雏形土7个亚类。其中，3个灰褐土剖面分别归属于中国土壤系统分类的2个土纲、2个亚纲和2个土类；4个栗钙土剖面分别归属于中国土壤系统分类的2个土纲、2个亚纲和2个土类。与其他分类相比，中国土壤系统分类在设置上充分考虑了腐殖质分布的特征，更适用于天然林土壤类型的划分，也可有效减少发生分类中栗钙土同名异土情况。

Abstract:

To investigate woodland soil formation characteristics and the classification attribution in the Chinese Soil Taxonomy (CST), 9 woodland soil profiles were selected in Loess Area of the eastern region of Qinghai Province. Based on the principle and methodologies of Keys to Chinese Soil Taxonomy (Third Edition), the diagnostic horizons and diagnostic characteristics were identified, and further reference to the Chinese Soil Genetic Classification, USA Soil Taxonomy and World Reference Base for Soil Resources, respectively. The results showed that woodland soils studied were sorted into 7 subgroups including Lithic Ustic-Orthic Primosols, Typic Hapli-Ustic Isohumosols, Mottlic Hapli-Udic Isohumosols, Typic Calci-Ustic Isohumosols, Calcic Hapli-Ustic Cambosols, Typic Molli-Ustic Cambosols and Typic Hapli-Ustic Cambosols. In which 3 Gray-cinnamon soils profiles were classified into 2 orders, 2 suborders and 2 groups; the 4 Castanozems soils profiles were classified into 2 orders, 2 suborders and 2 groups in CST. The distribution characteristics of soil humus horizon are paid attention in CST and more apply to classification of the natural forest soil compared to USA Soil Taxonomy and World Reference Base for Soil Resources, meanwhile, it can also reduce the phenomena of different soils with the same soil name especially for Castanozems.