寒地黑土养分元素地球化学特征及丰缺评价——以抚远市为例

Geochemical Characteristics and Assessment of Nutrient Elements in the Cold Region Black Soil: A Case Study of Fuyuan City

摘要:

本文以黑龙江省抚远市为例，基于近年土地质量地球化学调查资料成果，采用地统计分析和GIS分析等相结合，揭示研究区黑土表层土壤中N、P、K、Ca、Mg等13项养分元素及土壤有机质的含量和分布特征及在不同土壤类型分布区含量特征，统计得出表层土壤养分元素背景值，并依据相关标准对各养分元素指标丰缺现状进行评价。研究结果表明，抚远地区表层土壤中有机质含量富足，N、P含量较丰富，K元素适中，Ca、Mg、B、Zn较缺乏，S、Fe、Mn、Cu元素含量分异较大，且等级中等以上均大于60%；土壤养分地球化学综合评价表明，该地区土壤养分丰富-较丰富约占77.1%，较缺乏区仅占1.2%，土壤肥力良好，可为该区现代农业发展和黑土地保护利用提供参考资料。

Abstract:

This paper takes Fuyuan City, Heilongjiang Province as an example, based on recent achievements in geochemical survey data of land quality, and employed a combination of geostatistical analysis and GIS analysis to systematically research and evaluate 13 nutrient elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and soil organic matter in the surface soil of the research area. The research findings revealed the content and distribution characteristics of various nutrient elements in the surface soil of Fuyuan region, as well as their distribution characteristics in different soil types. This study established the background values of nutrient elements in the surface soil and evaluated the deficiency status of each nutrient element according to relevant standards. The evaluation results indicated that the organic matter content in the surface soil of Fuyuan region is abundant, nitrogen and phosphorus content are relatively rich, potassium content is moderate, while calcium, magnesium, boron, and zinc are comparatively deficient. Sulfur, iron, manganese, and copper elements exhibit significant variations in content, with levels above medium constituting over 60%. The comprehensive geochemical assessment of soil nutrients suggested that approximately 77.1% of the soil in this area is rich to relatively rich in nutrients, with only 1.2% showing relative deficiency. The soil fertility is good, providing valuable insights for the development of modern agriculture and the preservation and utilization of black soil in this region.