福建典型烟区土壤、灌溉水和肥料中重金属含量调查

Heavy Metal Contents in Soil, Irrigation Water and Fertilizers of Typical Tobacco-planting Region of Fujian Province

摘要:

农作物体内的重金属主要来自土壤、施肥、大气沉降以及降雨或灌溉。本文采集了福建省主要的烟草肥料和全国清香型烤烟的代表之一福建省龙岩市永定县土壤和烟田灌溉水体样品，分析了其中的重金属含量，并与国家相应标准中的限量进行了对比。结果表明：①烟田土壤中As含量为限量标准的12.3% ~ 65.0%，Cd为66.7% ~ 100.0%，Cr为4.0% ~ 47.3%，Hg为0 ~ 66.7%，Pb为0.3% ~ 63.3%，目前尚均属安全级别，但个别烟田的土壤As、Cd、Hg、Pb含量偏高；②烟草肥料中As含量为限量标准的0.7% ~ 24.0%，Cd为0.5% ~ 2.1%，Cr为0 ~ 21.4%，Hg为0 ~ 4.8%，Pb为7.7% ~ 50.6%，目前尚均属安全级别，但一种钙镁磷肥中的Pb含量略高；③灌溉水体中As含量为限量标准的0 ~ 0.5%，Cd为0.1% ~ 5.8%，Cr为0.3% ~ 1.6%，Hg为8.6% ~ 55.4%，Pb为0 ~ 2.6%，绝大部分灌溉水体中重金属含量远低于限量标准，均属安全级别。

Abstract:

Heavy metals in crops are mainly from soils, fertilizers, atmospheric sedimentation, rainfall or irrigation water. We collected the samples of tobacco fertilizers, soils and irrigation water in Yongding County of Fujian Province and analyzed the contents of As, Cr, Cd, Hg and Pb of these samples. The results showed that the measured contents of all heavy metals in all of the samples were lower than the corresponding national limits, which proved the soils, fertilizers and irrigation water now were at the security levels, but the contents of As, Cd, Hg and Pb in a field soil and the content of Pb in a fertilizer were a bit higher which need to be concerned.