铜锌不同施用方式对栽培丹参生长和丹参酮类物质积累的影响

Effects of different applying methods of Cu and Zn on growth and tanshinone of Salviae miltiorrhizae bunge

摘要:

通过盆栽土培试验研究了微量元素Cu、Zn的不同施用方式对丹参生长、丹参根多酚氧化酶（PPO）、过氧化物酶（POD）活性和丹参根中3种丹参酮积累含量的影响。结果表明，同时施用Cu、Zn两元素的3种施肥方式（基施、追施、叶面喷施）均优于相应的单施Cu、Zn处理。单施Cu的3种施肥方式处理均能显著促进丹参生长和丹参酮类物质的积累，其中叶面喷施处理显著优于两种土施的效果，而两种土施方式相比，差异不显著。在单施Zn肥组和Cu+Zn配施组各处理中，均表现出追施处理最佳，基施又好于喷施的处理，各处理间丹参酮类物质含量差异均达到显著水平。与对照处理相比，对丹参叶面喷施Zn或喷施Cu+Zn均能显著提高丹参酮类物质的含量。这说明对丹参叶面喷施Zn或Cu+Zn元素，可迅速补给丹参Cu、Zn元素营养，改善丹参生物学性状和提高丹参酮类有效成分含量。

Abstract:

The Effects of different applying methods of Cu and Zn on the growth, enzyme (PPO and POD) activities and tanshinone of cultivated Salviae Miltiorrhizae Bunge were studied under the condition of soil culture. The results showed that three applying methods (base application, topdressing and spraying application) of interactive application of Cu and Zn were better than those of separate application of Cu or Zn. Three applying methods of Cu alone promoted significantly the growth and accumulation of tanshinone of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Bunge. Among three applying methods, spraying application was significantly better than the base applying and topdressing and there was no significant difference between the base applying and topdressing. The results revealed that the tested soil had a potential shortage of Cu. In the treatments of Zn alone treatments and the interactive application of Cu and Zn, topdressing treatment was best of all, base application was better than spraying application, and tanshinone contents in plant roots in the treatments by different applying methods were statistically significantly different. Compared with CK treatment, spraying on the leaves with Zn solution alone or with Cu plus Zn solution could remarkably increase tanshinone contents in roots. The results indicated that spraying application on the leaves is an effective way to improve the nutritional status of plants, although spraying application couldn’t completely change the nutritional condition of soil deficiency.