延边烟区不同土壤的根际土壤微生物生态效应研究

Ecological effects of different soil types on soil rhizosphere microbes in Yanbian area

摘要:

为揭示烤烟根际微生物数量及酶活性的变化规律，阐明烤烟-土壤-微生物之间的协同作用机理，在延边烟区采集不同土壤类型的烤烟根际土壤，研究了烤烟根际土壤微生物生态效应。结果表明：不同土壤条件下烤烟各时期根际微生物区系和微生物生理菌群数量存在着较大的差异，其中暗棕壤黏土和暗棕壤黑砂土比白浆土更适合细菌和解钾菌的生长，白浆土真菌数的变化幅度较大可能是引起烟叶质量变差的原因之一，暗棕壤黏土和暗棕壤黑砂土在烤烟生育期内放线菌数量的变化较大，明显大于白浆土；自生固氮菌在移栽后 60 天前数量均较低，60 天后急剧升高，100 天时暗棕壤黏土和暗棕壤黑砂土自生固氮菌数量显著高于白浆土；氨化菌生长的最适宜期出现的早晚顺序为：暗棕壤黏土＞暗棕壤黑砂土＞白浆土；生育期内根际土壤解磷菌数变化较大，暗棕壤黏土烟株在旺盛生长时期的解磷菌数显著高于其他 2 种类型土壤。过氧化氢酶活性的变化规律很大程度上受土壤类型的影响，而转化酶和多酚氧化酶变化受土壤类型影响较小，但两者的大小受土壤类型的影响。

Abstract:

This paper focused on revealing the mutative regularity of rhizospere micorobe and enzyme activity of flue-cured tobacco, expounding the concerted effect mechanism among flue-cured tobacco, soil and microbe, and disclosing the ecological effects of photosphere microbes in different soil types of flue-cured tobacco. The results showed that there were significant differences in soil rhizosphere microbial flora and cultivated microbial physiological flora between different soil types and different growing periods of flue-cured tobacco, bacteria and potassium bacteria were more suitable in the clayed soil and the sand soil of dark brown forest soil, and the great changes of fungi amount in Albic Planosol might be the reason of poor flue-cured tobacco quality. The changes of actiomycetes in the clayed soil and the sand soil of dark brown forest soil were greater than in Albic Planosol. The most appropriate growing period of ammonifying bacteria was in the following order of clayed soil of dark brown forest soil, sand soil of dark brown forest soil and Albic Planosol. Phosphorus bacteria amount in the clayed soil of dark brown forest soil was significantly higher than in the other two soil types, and abiogenous azotobacter amounts in the clayed soil and the sand soil of dark brown forest soil were significantly higher than in Albic Planosol in the 100st day after transplanting. Furthermore, the results showed that the change of hydrogen peroxidase activity was greatly affected by soil types, and the changes of invertase and polyphenol oxidase activity were less affected by soil types, but their amounts were influenced by soil types.