抗生素在土壤中的吸附行为研究进展

Progress in sorption of antibiotics to soils

摘要:

抗生素是畜禽养殖和水产养殖中常用的一类化学品，其使用量大，体内代谢率低，可通过畜禽粪便的农业施用直接进入土壤环境，在土壤中易残留，富集到一定水平就可能影响生态健康和安全。目前，抗生素污染最令人类担忧的风险是抗性基因和抗性病菌的滋生和传播。抗生素在土壤中的吸附作用是影响其持留、分布、迁移、转化及最终归趋的关键过程。本文选择四环素类、磺胺类、大环内酯类和喹诺酮类4类常用抗生素，论述了pH值、离子强度和金属离子、有机质以及其他土壤理化性质等因素对其吸附的影响，并对抗生素在土壤中的吸附机理进行了初步的探讨。

Abstract:

Antibiotics are used extensively in the areas of animal husbandry and aquiculture with low metabolism rate, and may directly reach soil environment through the spreading of manure. Antibiotics can accumulate in soil with repeated manure application and have potentially negative effects on natural ecosystem. Currently, the primary concern of concentrated use of antibiotics is the development and dissemination of antibiotic-resistant pathogens in the environment. Sorption of antibiotics is a key process for their remaining, spreading, transport and their final fate. In this paper, the influences of pH, ionic strength, metal ions, organic matter and soil properties on sorption of typical antibiotics including tetracyclines, sulfonamides, macrolides, and quinolones on soil were briefly summarized, and the possible sorption mechanisms were discussed.