施肥对栽培菊花土壤的有机无机复合性状和菊花产量与品质的影响

Fertilization Effects on Organo-Mineral Complex Status in Soil and on Yield and Quality of Chrysanthemum Morifolium

摘要:

按照江苏省射阳县中药材种植基地的施肥习惯，选用当地常用的猪粪、鸡粪、菜籽饼、有机复混肥、化肥为供试肥料，于2004、2005年连续2年进行菊花施肥大田小区试验和室内盆栽试验。其中，小区试验主要研究栽培菊花土壤有机无机复合状况和结合态腐殖质组成，盆栽试验主要研究施肥对菊花产量、内在质量的影响。结果表明：大田条件下连续2年单施化肥处理的土壤有机质比试前下降，亏缺主要来自轻组；与对照 (不施肥) 比较，连续施用有机肥的处理，能提高土壤和重组有机C含量 (增幅分别为4.5% ~ 32.7% 和10.5% ~ 37.8%)，促进土壤有机无机复合体的形成，提高土壤增值复合量和增值复合度，改善腐殖质结合形态，使松结态腐殖质含量增加，紧结态腐殖质减少，使土壤腐殖质得到活化；各类有机肥对栽培菊花土壤均有较好的培肥效果，其中以猪粪、菜籽饼较好。室内盆栽试验的结果表明，施肥能显著提高菊花花序和茎叶的生物量，显著增加菊花药用有效成分总黄酮、绿原酸的含量，这方面的作用有机肥优于化肥，有机肥中又以菜籽饼的效果较好，猪粪次之。

Abstract:

To study the fertilization effects on soil organic carbon, heavy fraction organic carbon, organo-mineral complex status and combined humus in soil and on the yield and quality of Chrysanthemum morifolium, pig manure, chicken manure, rape cake, organic compost and chemical fertilizer were applied in the plot and pot experiments according to the local traditional habit in Sheyang county’s planting base of Chinese medical herbs for two-year planting of Chrysanthemum morifolium. The results indicated: the content of organic carbon in soil decreased with chemical fertilizer which mainly from the loss of light fraction organic carbon. Compared with the treatment without fertilizer, the contents of organic carbon and light fraction organic carbon in soils under different organic manures increased significantly by 4.5% ~ 32.7% and 10.5% ~ 37.8%, respectively. And a 2-year application of organic manures promoted the formation of organo-mineral complex in soils，increased the adding compound and adding complex degree of soils, improved composition of combined humus, increased the content of loosely combined humus, and reduced the content of tightly combined humus, therefore activated soil humus. All kinds of organic manures had a better effect on improving soil fertility under cultivating chrysanthemum morifolium, pig manure the best, then followed by rape cake. Meanwhile, the results of pot experiment showed that all fertilizers increased the biomass of Chrysanthemum morifolium and improved effectively the contents of total flavonoidand and chlorogenic acid of Chrysanthemum morifolium, orgarnic fertilizer having a better effect than chemical fertilizer while rape cake the best, and then followed by pig manure.